Lesson 07 — the source ledger

GLOW peptide references, indexed to source

Every quantitative claim on this board traces to one of these entries — the constituent studies, the 2025-2026 reviews, and the FDA regulatory pages.

How to read this ledger

These are the GLOW peptide references the rest of the site cites by number. There is no entry for the GLOW blend itself, because no controlled trial of the blend exists — every source here is a constituent study, a recent narrative or systematic review, or an FDA regulatory page. The constituent studies (1-9) ground the mechanism and dose context; the 2025-2026 reviews (10-12) set the honest human-evidence expectation; the FDA sources (13-16) ground the regulatory and legal-status page. Identifiers — PMID, DOI — are given so any claim can be verified at the source.

  1. Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. BioMed Research International. 2015;2015:648108.
  2. Pickart L. The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition. 2008;19(8):969-988.
  3. Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2003;21:976-983.
  4. Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin). 2017;95:323-333.
  5. Malinda KM, et al. Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1999;113(3):364-368.
  6. Wang Y, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022;13:1026182.
  7. Hostynek JJ, Dreher F, Maibach HI. Human skin penetration of a copper tripeptide in vitro as a function of skin layer. Inflammation Research. 2011;60(1):79-86.
  8. Ruff D, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin beta4 in healthy volunteers. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2010;1194:118-122.
  9. Lee WJ, Sim HB, Jang YH, Lee SJ, Kim DW, Yim SH. Efficacy of a Complex of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Glycyl-Histidyl-Lysine Peptide on Hair Growth. Annals of Dermatology. 2016;28(4):438-443.
  10. Mendias CL, Awan TM. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports Medicine. 2026.
  11. McGuire FP, Martinez R, Lenz A, Skinner L, Cushman DM. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2025.
  12. Mortazavi SM, Mohammadi Vadoud SA, Moghimi HR. Topically applied GHK as an anti-wrinkle peptide: Advantages, problems and prospective. BioImpacts. 2025;15:30071.
  13. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act. FDA, verified 2026-05-29.
  14. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks (Category 2 entries for BPC-157; 'Thymosin beta-4, fragment (LKKTETQ), also known as TB-500'; and 'GHK-Cu (for injectable routes of administration)'; effective 2023-09-29). FDA, verified 2026-05-29.
  15. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (BPC-157, KPV, TB-500 and MOTs-C listed as substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List). FDA, verified 2026-05-29.
  16. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Authority Over Cosmetics: How Cosmetics Are Not FDA-Approved but Are FDA-Regulated. FDA, verified 2026-05-29.